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Downtown Community House
The Downtown Community House at 105-107 Washington Street is a six-story, five-bay red brick building that is among the last vestiges of the Lower West Side of Manhattan’s former life as an ethnic neighborhood known as “Little Syria.”〔Svehlak, Joe. "Save traces of Little Syria!" ''Downtown Express''. 11 July 2012. ().〕 From the time of its establishment, the Bowling Green Neighborhood Association, housed in the Downtown Community House beginning in 1926, was a pioneering organization that served the local immigrant population as a settlement house and continued to provide services for the area well after the community house became defunct. Built in 1925 with philanthropic funds from William H. Childs,〔“Wall Street Poor Get $250,000 Gift.” ''The New York Times''. 26 January 1925. p. 1.〕 the founder of the Bon Ami household cleaner company, the Downtown Community House was designed by John F. Jackson, architect of over 70 Y.M.C.A. buildings and community centers,〔“John F. Jackson, 81, Y.M.C.A. Architect: Designer of 70 Association Buildings, Dies In Passiac.” ''The New York Times''. 28 April 1948.〕 and through its Colonial Revival style〔Shapiro, Julie. "Downtown Preservationists Fight to Save 1920s Community Center." ''DNA Info.'' 10 June 2011. ().〕 speaks to an underlying desire for the neighborhood’s immigrant population to become Americanized and associate themselves with the country’s foundations. In recent years, a collection of historic preservationists and Arab-American activists have lobbied the Landmarks Preservation Commission and its Chairman Robert Tierney to designate the building as a city landmark.〔Dunlap, David. "An Effort to Save the Remnants of a Dwindling Little Syria." ''The New York Times.'' 2 January 2012. p. A18. (), Retrieved 24 September 2012.〕
==Early history==
The community house located at 105-107 Washington Street was completed in 1926; prior to its construction, the lot was separated in two, with two early residential buildings (as Kate Reggev has speculated,〔Reggev, Kate. ''105-107 and 109 Washington Street.'' "Save Washington Street" Report. September 2012. (). p. 6.〕 perhaps a single-family house with both front and rear buildings) constructed sometime prior to 1822. One of 107 Washington Street’s early residents was Samuel Healy, a money broker, who had an office nearby on Greenwich Street.〔New York State Court of General Sessions. ''The New-York City-Hall Recorder''. New York: E.B. Clayton, 1822. p. 102.〕 By the 1860s, both tenements were boarding houses used by Irish immigrants and sailors from the nearby piers, and No. 105 had a saloon on the ground floor.〔“A Sailor Shot in a Washington Street Boarding House.” ''The New York Times''. 12 March 1873; “Suicide of a Saloon-Keeper by Poison.” ''The New York Times''. 12 April 1869.〕 The area, because of its proximity to the wharves, was often recorded as the scene of fights, shootings, and other crimes; an inspection of No. 105 Washington Street in 1894 described it as a “five-story front and four-story rear tenement... The Inspector found the houses to be dirty, poorly ventilated, and the stairways considerably worn.”〔“Patchwork of Trinity: Only Partial Repairs Follow Health Board's Order.” ''The New York Times''. 23 December 1894; “Mr. Roosevelt's Justice.” ''The New York Times''. 24 July 1896.〕 By 1896, both structures were condemned by the Board of Health, and the tenements were vacated until 1897 when they were remodeled and considered fit for human habitation.〔New York City Board of Health. ''Annual Report of the Board of Health''. New York: Martin B. Brown Company, 1897. p. 16.〕 Residents, including recently arrived Syrian immigrants, returned to the tenements and the storefronts continued to be occupied to serve the local community – the ground floor of 107 Washington Street had an Italian restaurant called Ferrintino Signorgro’s in 1908.〔New York City Board of Health. ''Annual Report of the Board of Health''. New York: Martin B. Brown Company, 1896. pp. 38, 71; “Robbed of $3,011 Savings.” ''The New York Times''. 30 January 1908, p. 2; “Missing Persons.” ''The New York Times''. 26 March 1923.〕 In 1920, the two tenements were purchased by a realty corporation from Mrs. Schroen of Reno, Nevada, who had the property in her family for over fifty years.〔“Tenants Buy on Franklin Street.” ''The New York Times''. 30 April 1920.〕 In 1925, the property was purchased for the construction of the Downtown Community House to contain the Bowling Green Neighborhood Association.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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